The Role of Board Member Characteristics in Shaping Corporate Performance: Evidence from Indonesia

Authors

  • Tessa Vanina Soetanto Petra Christian University
  • Catherine Ivana Rusli Petra Christian University
  • Leticia Theophillia Soesilo Petra Christian University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.9744/petraijbs.8.1.23-31

Keywords:

Demographic Diversity, Gender Diversity, Age Diversity, Tenure Diversity, Firm Performance

Abstract

Boards of directors have a significant impact on firm performance. With the growing emphasis on diversity, it is essential to explain how demographic diversity among leaders relates to firm performance. The paper examines the relationship between demographic diversity, age, gender, tenure, and the performance of Indonesian manufacturing firms. The writers adopt Resource Dependency Theory as the theoretical basis for this research. Although studies on board diversity exist, the influence of board diversity on manufacturing firms, which is becoming increasingly crucial in Indonesia, is rarely discussed. The writers analyzed secondary data from 2016 to 2022 using Ordinary Least Squares regression. Results show that age and tenure diversity have a positive impact on the performance of larger firms, but no effect on smaller firms. These results add practical implications for manufacturing firms seeking to enhance decision-making with diverse leadership.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbasi, A., & Malik, Q. A. (2015). Firms' size moderating financial performance in growing firms: an empirical evidence from Pakistan. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijefi/issue/31969/352131

Agustia, D., et al. (2022). Board diversity, sustainability report disclosure and firm value, Global Business Review, 23(6), 1520–1543.

Ali, S., et al. (2021). Does foreign institutional ownership mediate the nexus between board diversity and the risk of financial distress? A case of an emerging economy of China, Eurasian Business Review, 12(3), 1–29.

Akpan, E. O., and Amran, N. A., (2014). Board characteristics and company performance: Evidence from Nigeria, Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2(3), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfa.20140203.17

Ali, S., et al., (2022), Does board diversity reduce the probability of financial distress? Evidence from Chinese firms. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 976345.

Amini, M., et al., (2017), Does gender diversity promote nonconformity?. Management Science, 63(4), 1085–1096.

Appiadjei, E., Ampong, A., & Nsiah, F. (2017). Board, gender diversity, and firm performance. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 5(10), 1–16. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/EricAppiadjei/publication/320597742BoardGenderDiversityandFirmPerformance

Ararat, M., et al. (2015), How board diversity affects firm performance in emerging markets: evidence on channels in controlled firms, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 23(2), 83–103.

Arioglu, E. (2021). Board age and value diversity: Evidence from a collectivistic and paternalistic culture, Borsa Istanbul Review, 21(3), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2020.10.004

Backes-Gellner, U., & Veen, S. (2015). Positive effects of ageing and age-diversity in innovative Companies. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(3), 279-295.

Blau, P. M (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity: a primitive theory of social structure. New York: Free Press.

Bondoyudho, G., et al. (2022). Determinan produksi industri manufaktur di Indonesia tahun 2016 – 2021 (pendekatan regresi panel data). https://journal.feb-uniss.ac.id/home.

BKPM. (2022). Industri manufaktur Indonesia sebagai basis produksi Asean. Retrieved April 18, Https://Www.Investindonesia.Go.Id/Id/Artikel2022

BPS Indonesia. (2022). Statistik Indonesia 2022. In Statistik Indonesia 2022 (Vol. 1101001). Retrieved from Https://Www.Bps.Go.Id/Publication/2020/04/29/E9011b3155d45d70823c141f/Statistik-Indonesia-2020.Html

Chattopadhyay, P., et al. (2016). Hearts and minds: integrating regulatory Focus and relational demography to explain responses to dissimilarity, Organizational Psychology Review.

Dang, R., et al. (2014). Women on french corporate board of directors: how do they differ from their male counterparts? Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 30(2), 489-508.

Fernandez-Temprano, M.A., & Tejerina-Gaite, F. (2020). Types of directors, board diversity, and firm performance. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(2).

Foster, B.P., et al. (2023). Which diversity measures best capture public company value? Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(1). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/csr.2351

Galbreath, J. (2018). Is board gender diversity linked to financial performance? The mediating mechanism of CSR, Business & Society, 57(5), 863–889, https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316647967

Galia, F., et al. (2017). Selecting board members: The impact of common knowledge on gender diversity - an experimental investigation, Managerial and Decision Economics, 38, 806–821, doi: 10.1002/mde.2818.

Goergen, M., et al. (2015). Mind the gap: the age dissimilarity between the chair and the CEO, Journal of Corporate Finance, 35, 136–158.

Guillaume, Y.R., et al., 2014). Managing diversity in organizations: an integrative model and agenda for future research, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(5), 783-802.

Guillaume, Y.R., et al. (2017). Harnessing demo-graphic differences in organizations: what moderates the effects of workplace diversity?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(2), 276-303.

Guizani, M., and Abdalkrim, G. (2023). Does gender diversity on boards reduce the likelihood of financial distress? Evidence from Malaysia, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(2), 287-306.

Hafsi, T., & Turgut, G., (2013). Boardroom diversity and its effect on social performance: conceptualization and empirical evidence, Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 463-479.

Harjoto, M., et al. (2015). Board diversity and corporate social responsibility, Journal of Business Ethics, 132(4), 641-660.

Hasan, F., & Islam, M. R. (2022). Board diversity and its impact on firm performance, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1905244/v1.

Herciu, M., & Șerban, R. A. (2018). Measuring firm performance: Testing a proposed model, Studies in Business and Economics, 13(2), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2018-0023.

Huang, S., & Hilary, G. (2018). Zombie board: board tenure and firm performance, Journal of Accounting Research, 56(4), 1285-1329.

Hoobler, J. M., et al. (2018). The business case for women leaders: Meta-analysis, research critique, and path forward. Journal of Management, 44(6), 2473–2499 https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316628643.

Isola, W.A., et al. (2020). Boardroom female participation, intellectual capital efficiency and firm performance in developing countries: evidence from Nigeria, Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 25(50), 413-424, doi: 10.1108/00483480010324689.

Ji, J., et al. (2021). Board tenure diversity, culture and firm risk: cross-country evidence, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 70, 1042-4431.

Jia, N. (2017). Should directors have term limits? — Evidence from corporate innovation. European Accounting Review, Routledge, 26(4), 755–785. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2016.1199321.

Jyothi, P., & Mangalagiri, J. (2019). Would firm performance be better with women directors? Evidence from India. Vision-The Journal of Business Perspective, 23(2), 180-188, doi: 10.1177/0972262919840217.

Katmon, N., et al. (2019). Comprehensive board diversity and quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure: evidence from an emerging market. Journal of Business Ethics, 157(2), 447-481.

Khan, A.W., & Subhan, Q.A. (2019) Impact of board diversity and audit on firm performance. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1611719.

Khan, I., et al. (2023). Board diversity on firm performance from resource-based view perspective: new evidence from Pakistan, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.

Khatib, S.F., et al. (2021). Nudging toward diversity in the boardroom: a systematic literature review of board diversity of financial institutions, Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(2), 985-1002.

Khidmat, W. B., et al. (2020). The effect of board diversity on firm performance: evidence from Chinese listed companies. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 13(1), 9–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686220923793

Kılıç, M., & Kuzey, C. (2016). The effect of board gender diversity on firm performance: evidence from Turkey, Gender in Management: An International Journal, 31(7), 434-455.

Landry, E. E., et al. (2016). Recognition for sustained corporate social responsibility: female directors make a difference, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1358

Levi, M., et al. (2014). Director gender and mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Corporate Finance, 28, 185-200.

Liao, L., et al. (2015). Gender diversity, board independence, environmental committee and greenhouse gas disclosure. The British Accounting Review, 47(4), 409-424.

Li, H., & Chen, P. (2018). Board gender diversity and firm performance: The moderating role of firm size. Business Ethics, 27(4), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12188

Mande, W. (2019). Searching for common threads: Understanding the role of age diversity in organizational performance. The International Journal of Business & Management, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.24940/theijbm/2019/v7/i7/bm1907-062

Loukil, N., et al. (2019). Does gender diversity on boards influence stock market liquidity? Empirical evidence from the French market, Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 19(4), 669-703.

Mayo, M., et al. (2016). A metatheoretical framework of diversity in teams, Human Relations, 70(8), 911–939, doi: 10.1177/0018726716679246.

McGuinness, P.B., et al. (2017). The role of board gender and foreign ownership in the CSR performance of Chinese listed firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 42, 75-99.

Molla, M.S., et al. (2021). The influence of directors' diversity and corporate sustainability practices on firm performance: evidence from Malaysia, The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(6), 201-212.

Muneza, K., & Mahua, G. (2018). Board demographic diversity: a review of literature. Journal of Strategy and Management, 11(1), 33-51, https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-01-2017-0002.

Manita, R., et al. (n.d.). Board gender diversity and ESG disclosure: evidence from the US. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-01-2017-0024.

Novianti, T., & Mulatsih, S. (2021). Analisis dampak ekspor industri manufaktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109479.

Perrault, E. (2014). Why does board gender diversity matter and how do we get there? The role of shareholder activism in deinstitutionalizing old boys' networks, Journal of Business Ethics, 128, doi: 10.1007/s10551-014-2092-0.

Post, C. & Byron, K. (2015). Women on boards and firm financial performance: a meta-analysis, Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1546-1571.

Pozen, R. C., & Hamacher, T. (2015). The trend towards board term limits is based on faulty logic. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/b56f462c-0455-11e5-a5c3-00144feabdc0

Reguera-Alvarado, N., et al. (2017). Does board gender diversity influence financial performance? Evidence from Spain. Journal of Business Ethics, 141(2), 337-350.

Richard, O. C., et al.,(2017). The impact of store-unit–community racial diversity congruence on store-unit sales performance, Journal of Management, 43(7), 2386–2403. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315579511.

Singh, S., et al. (2016). Measuring organisational performance: A case for subjective measures, British Journal of Management, 27, 214–24.

Talavera, O., et al. (2018). Age diversity, directors' personal values, and bank performance, International Review of Financial Analysis, 55, 60-79.

Tanikawa, T., & Jung, Y. (2016). Top management team (TMT) tenure diversity and firm performance, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 24(3), 454–470. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-02-2014-0739.

Taouab, O., and Issor, Z. (2019), Firm Performance: Definition and Measurement Models, European Scientific Journal, 15, 93. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n1p93

Vairavan, A., and Zhang, G. P. (2020). Does a diverse board matter? A mediation analysis of board racial diversity and firm performance, Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(7), 1223–1241. https://doi.org/10.1108/cg-02-2020-0081

Velte, P., (2017), Do women on board of directors have an impact on corporate governance quality and firm performance? A literature review, International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 5(4), 302–346, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSM.2017.08912

Veltri, S., et al. (2021). Board diversity and corporate social performance: Does the family firm status matter?, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(6), 1664–1679. doi:10.1002/csr.2136.

Yang, P., et al. (2019). Women directors, firm performance, and firm risk: A causal perspective. Leadership Q, 30(5), 101297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.05.004

Zona, F., et al. (2013). A contingency model of boards of directors and firm innovation: the moderating role of firm size. British Journal of Management, 24(3), 299-315.

Additional Files

Published

2025-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles